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Editorial...
How to make a good career choice
Upon leaving school, a student is faced with the important decision of which career to choose. Parents’ aspirations, peer group pressures,growing unemployment and those of the media all weigh heavily in such a situation, and the wise man is he who actively decides his future, rather than having it chosen for him.
It is important to analyze one’s own strengths before taking the first step. And it is worthwhile to explore a wide range of possibilities, and to develop opportunities that allow the growth and realization of one’s potential. Waiting for opportunity to knock is the surest way of ending up in a field of work in which one has neither experience nor interest. Those people likely to be successful later in life are those who have made themselves aware of their own interests, needs, values and skills, especially in relation to their work.
In order to make an informed decision regarding future careers, one must gather certain types of information from various sources. The first source is yourself: you should be very aware of what it is that makes you happy, what fires your interest and intellect and in which fields it is that you can stand apart from the crowd. Then try to find a career to match these traits. Meet people working in different professions; investigate their lifestyles, personalities and surroundings. What makes them tick? Would you feel at home with these people?
Having decided which profession you wish to enter, the next step is to find an establishment where you can receive the necessary training, and will have the chance to further acquaint yourself with the field. Unfortunately, not all institutions will just open their doors to you. There must first arise in your mind the considerations of money. Will funding College life be a problem? This hurdle should be firmly cleared before any further steps are taken, as it will stop you dead in your tracks should it come back to haunt you due to poor financial planning.
The next barrier is the entrance tests which should, of course, be well prepared for. This requires hard work, dedication and sacrifice. Previous good exam results will help, as will knowledge of the field to which you are applying. You will be likely to get admission in reputed college and institutes. If you fail to make it into one of the top-notch college or universities, then a recognized college at state level or some institutes may be the answer.
The goal of this period of a study is to match your skills with those in the competing job market. Do not apply to a prestigious College just for the sake of its name, especially if you know that the relevant department is not particularly good. These two elements are the most important in achieving the highest ranks of any profession.
Information is the key resource in the quest for a good career choice. Today there are various sources one can trace information. The internet is a very useful & easy way to locate information. Also the school library, news papers, career news articles,talking to counselors and visiting the jobs to get first hand informations are good way to know about the proffession. Go top
Going Vocational In India, only about six percent of school graduates go on to college.
Because of this rarity, a college education, no matter in what field, will
allow you to stand out from the crowd and will ensure future employability.
And most employers tend to insist on a degree qualification. The current
10+2 pattern of education was introduced to encourage those students who
wish to go into vocational streams, while those wishing to pursue academic
studies could do so at one of India’s 9,500 colleges.
College, which may involve further post-graduate study, is the academic route to a career. Vocational streams, provided by polytechnics, develop specific skills as required by the industry concerned. These skills are tailored through close contact with the relevant fields, identifying employers’ demands and ensuring up-to-date, practical knowledge. Because of the diversity of fields touched upon by polytechnic studies, these institutions can provide the alternative college education.
Recently, it is private diploma- and certificate-providing institutions which develop job skills, pioneered largely by computer institutes. Moreover, vocational studies have been introduced at the ‘plus two’ stage in five1 major areas: business and commerce, engineering and technology, agriculture, health and paramedical services and home sciences. But, so far, only four percent of students have been lured into the vocational stream.
In addition to this, about 160 Indian colleges have introduced 35 vocational subjects for study at the degree level. The subjects include archaeology and museology, advertising and sales promotion, mass communication and video production, travel and tourism management and others, all of which provide the specialization necessary to enter these fields.
There are a few guidelines which should be followed in order to chose the right institution:
- The faculty should provide a full time staff of qualified lecturers, as well as visiting experts from the industry, who, from time to time, interact with students.
- Student : teacher ratio should be a minimum of 1 : 15, and 1 : 30 maximum.
- Courseware must be of good quality, specially designed and issued to pupils within the course fees.
- Classroom equipment should include computers, teaching aids and any other material necessary for enhanced teaching.
- The library should be well stocked with relevant reference books, journals and project reports, with a resource centre for reference and industry updates.
- Finally, does the placement cell help students to identify their career goals, show them how to prepare CV’s, train them for interviews and keep them updated on industry news?
The aforementioned courses are not yet offered everywhere, but there
is a growing interest within related sectors concerning the wide range
of vocational streams being offered to 10+2 graduates.
| Course |
Institute |
BA(Journalism) English
eligibility: 10+2 or equivalent |
DCAC,Kamala Nehru College (Women)
LSR College for Women, Maharaja Agarsen College |
PG courses in Journalism (Deg/Dip) eligibility: graduation |
IIMC, DCAC, Bharati Vidya Bhavan, |
Mass Comm (TV&flims)
PG degree/
dip/cert.courses eligibility: graduation For sound recording B.Sc |
Amity School of Jounalism
& Comm, Gargi College (part time)
MCRI, Jamia Millia Islamia, IIMC, JNU Campus
Delhi School of Mass Communication
Media Image Workshop, Green Park |
Advt BA(Pass) eligibility: graduate+50% |
DCAC, KNC(W), Vivekananda College, (W) |
Degree in Fine arts/applied arts eligibility: 10+2 with atleast 50% and entrance test |
Janaki Devi Memorial College, Lakshmi Bai College, Shyam Lal College, College of Art, Delhi, Chandigarh, Lucknow |
PR Diploma eligibility: 10+2 |
New Delhi Polytechnic for Woman |
PG Dip/cert courses in P.R. eligibility: graduation |
IIMC, BVB, Indian Foundation of PR Edu. & Research & IGNOU |
Fashion: Degree/Diploma eligibility: 10+2 with minimum 50% + entrance test |
NIFT, Pearl Academy of Fashion, South Delhi Polytechnic for Women. |
Travel & Tourism: Deg/dip/certi eligibility: 10+2 |
YWCA, Indian Institute of Tourism & Travel Management, College of Vocational Studies (Degree) |
Archaeology, Museology & Art Restoration. Short term Courses in Museology, eligibility: 10+2 |
National Museum in Instt of History of Art, Janpath, Bharatiya Kala Nidhi, Institute of Archaeology, ASI |
PG courses in Archaeology eligibility: graduation in History |
Delhi Inst. of Heritage Research & Mgt., Qutub Institutional Area, The Inst., National Museum |
Hoteliering: Diploma/Degree eligibility: 10+2, Minimum 50%, english compulsory |
Inst. of Hotel Mgt., Catering Tech & App. Nutrition, PUSA, Delhi Inst. of Hotel Mgt., Gargi College Building |
Food Processing/Canning & Preservation: certificate/diploma eligibility: class 10 Bakery & Confectionery: certificate/diploma |
Food Craft Institutes |
Occp. Therapy: Deg/Dip/Certi eligibility: Class XII (science) |
Rehabilitation Council of India Institute of the Physically Handicapped |
Medical Tech: Degree/Dip/Certi eligibility: Class XII (science) |
AIIMS, PG Instt of Medical Sciences, Chandigarh |
Treating the Disorders
Physiotherapists are a group of medical staff who deal largely with limb injuries and restricted body movement. Demand is on the increase, and the career may appeal to those students interested in clinical or technical work, or those with limited opportunities for investment of time or finances.
These physical therapists are health care professionals who restore mobility, alleviate pain and suffering, and who work to prevent permanent disability in their patients. They treat problems related to the neurological, pulmonary, musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems which could be due to injury, illness or congenital disorders. The job is preventative, restorative and rehabilitative.
Therapeutic agents include heat, radiation, electricity and water massage. Medical practitioners refer to physiotherapists concerning all types of patients. Sufferings may include polio, cerebral palsy, muscle, joint and bone injuries or chest and heart diseases.
They work with burn patients to prevent abnormal scarring, with stroke victims to restore movement and develop operational independence, with cardiac patients to improve endurance and with also cancer victims.
Specialization:
Specialization can be in cardiopulmonary, clinical electrophysiological, neurological, pediatric, geriatric and sports physical therapy. In a physiotherapy course, subjects to be studied are Anatomy, Physiology, Orthopaedics, Neurology, Medicine, Surgery, Physiotherapy etc. Practical Training in a hospital ward or department is also included in the course.
Work Environment:
Physiotherapists work in a clinical environment, with equipment usually indoors and combined with patient exercises and trial runs outdoors. They may work in small clinics, large multi-speciality hospitals, rehabilitation centres, government establishments or health centres. Developed countries may offer more substantial working conditions.
Personal Characteristics:
Physiotherapists require various different skills in order to deal with patients, handle equipment and work in different environs. There is a demand for organization and systematic methods. Technical precision must be accompanied by patience and professionalism.
The Government of India has set up the Rehabilitation Council to train paramedical staff and to conduct related activities in rehabilitation.
Institutions:
Below are some of the premier institutes offering graduate courses in physiotherapy:
- National Institute for the Orthopaedically Handicapped, (Under Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment, Govt. of India), B.T. Road, Bonhoogly, Kolkatta – 700090
- The Institute for the Physically Handicapped, 4, Vishnu Digamber Marg, New Delhi – 110002 (Under the Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment, University of Delhi).
- National Insitute for the Mentally Handicapped, (Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment, Govt. of India) P.O. Manovikasnagar, Secunderabad – 500009
Training Centers:
- Rehabilitation Council of India, 23-A, Shivaji Marg, (near Karampura Complex), New Delhi-110015
(Web Site : www.rehabcouncil.org).
RCI has centers in all states.
- Spastics Society of Northern India, 2, Balbir Saxena Marg, Hauz Khas, New Delhi – 110 016
e-mail : ssni@del3.vsnl.net.in
- University of Madras, Centenary Building, Chepauk, Chennai – 600005
- Aligarh Muslim University, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Deputy Controller (admission), P.O. Box 52, Aligarh University – 202002
MILE - HIGH CLUB
Careers as a Flight Catering
The field of flight catering offers ample scope for young graduates. Here they will learn how to match both luxury and efficiency for the benefit of airlines, for whom food is a top priority.
Zafar Siamwala is the Corporate Director of Oberoi Flight Services, one of the three main flight kitchens operating in India (alongside Taj Air Caterers and Ambassador Sky Chef), and she says that, “the process begins 24 hours in advance, when raw materials, such as vegetables and poultry, are pulled out of sterilized refrigerated rooms to be chopped and cut according to menus.”
The main emphasis is on safety. In order that the food remains completely fresh and bacteria free, it is transferred to dishes on refrigerated tables so as to maintain a desirable five degrees. Food samples are tested daily in laboratories for microbiological content and the bacterial count for e-coli and salmonella.
The airline food industry assumes great significance as a result of the increasing number of passengers, for whom market strategies must be consistently reviewed so as to maintain this Rs 250 crore industry.
“There is a French expression which says, ‘Evil is hidden behind the details, and overlooking this can lead to disastrous effects,’ remarks Marie-Joseph Malo, Managing Director of Air France Asia Pacific. “It is also the backbone of our approach to passenger care. Creating the right ambience with food is an integral part of that exercise.”
Cultural preferences play a large role in determining menus. For instance, Singapore Airlines serves Japanese nouvelle cuisine with Teriyaki and Tempura, as well a choice of Korean and Thai on its eastern routes. And during festival season, Air India offers traditional Pongal and Onam treats.
Jitendra Bhargava, General Manager of Air India says, ‘We take special care of passengers when it comes to food. Our choice includes 23 special menus, with both Indian and continental vegetarian and non-vegetarian cuisine. The meals are uplifted from 26 stations across the world. Our flight kitchens are checked regularly by airline specialists. There’s no room for being lax.’
But, even as airlines dangle tantalizing menus to lure passengers, the latter remain unconvinced. Raghvendra Menon, a widely travelled senior financial consultant with Reliance Industries, and a frequent flier says that he hates the food so much, ‘that I just sleep on the aircraft. One reason I dislike the food is because it is so unreliable. I am not confident about its safety. Perhaps flight kitchens should do something to boost their image so as to convince me.’
But this is not the only crisis facing Indian flight caterers. Because of the government restrictions which favour Air India, the whole industry suffers from a lack of competition within the country. European flight kitchens prepare several times as many meals per day as those in India due to the wide range of airlines they serve.
However, Siamwala points out that the service provided within India often surpasses that abroad. ‘When I visited a flight kitchen in New York, I was struck by the unhygienic conditions there: the staff were wearing t-shirts and sneakers. Here, our workers are covered from head to toe and an enormous emphasis is placed on cleanliness,’ he says. ‘This is because workers are hired on a contractual basis, where hire and fire policy prevails.
Styrofoam cuisine or gastronome’s paradise? While the debate may continue, there is no arguing that the sky is the limit for job prospects in the airline catering industry.
ESSENTIAL QUALIFICATIONS & EXPERIENCE
Basically, air caterers prefer graduates in Hotel Management, with specialization in Food & Beverage. A minimum year of service in various hotel sector is also essential. Graduates in Home Science & Food & Nutrition can also apply having some years of experience in catering.
Below are some details of where each sector do catering services for different airlines:
OBEROI FLIGHT SERVICES (1979)
British Airways, KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, Lufthansa, Northwest Airlines, Thai International, Gulf Air, Qatar Airways and Aeroflot
- Number of meals prepared per day:
New Delhi: 5,000
Mumbai: 4,600
AMBASSADOR SKY CHEF (1942)
Indian Airlines, Air India, Lufthansa, Swiss, Saudi, Asiana, Austrian Airlines and Air Lanka
- Number of meals prepared per day:
New Delhi: 4,500
Mumbai: 5,000
TAJ AIR CATERERS (1955)
Air India, Indian Airlines, Air France, Air Mauritius, Jet Airways, Cathay Pacific, Sahara Airlines, Kuwait Airways, Singapore Airlines, Virgin Atlantic and China Air
- Number of meals prepared per day:
New Delhi: 10,000/Mumbai: 15,000
A Career in Economics
Thanks to people like the Noble Laureate Amartya Sen, the field of economics has increasingly attracted students’ interest. It is a highly academic field and is suited to someone interested in research, for whom it could make an excellent profession. Here we describe career and study opportunities at home and abroad, the scholarships available and the necessary training and possible job prospects.
Thanks to liberalization and e-commerce, economics is presenting increasingly glamorous and promising opportunities. Prestige though is elusive, and it seeds are to be found in places such as the Delhi School of Economics or an international institution such as the London School of Economics. Alternatively, one could specialize in branches such as Business or Agriculture Economics. A simple BA or MA degree in Economics from most Indian universities will not lead to an economist’s career; one would have to settle for a lecturer’s job, where the field is already saturated.
First of all, one must graduate with Economics as an Honours subject. Get into the habit of reading reputed research papers in your spare time, and subscriber to magazines like the London Economist. One must definitely go beyond the prescribed course, which often is quite simplistic. It would be worthwhile to discover where you feel most at home within one of the subject’s branches such as:
a) Business and Trade: Business economics increasingly stands alone as its own career path. The course of Master of Business Economics (MBE) at Delhi University is quite reputed. The job involves the creation of companies’ business strategies and the undertaking of investment/risk analysis. International trade is also studied by a Business Economist.
b) Banking and Finance: Economic information is extremely valuable to companies, and they expand large resources in its acquisition. Country reports are required by large multinationals, while domestic firms need constant updating on markets. Merchant bankers and other companies dealing with large sums of money require economists.
c) Government: Governments need economists for forecasting, research and policy decisions. The candidate must appear in the examination of the Indian Economic Service or the Indian Administrative Service in order to be absorbed in to the ministries of agriculture or employment for example. An added advantage is the ‘revolving door’ system that allows government employees to be transferred to the IMF or World Bank. This is the road to fame.
d) Other fields: An agricultural economist would be involved in agricultural production, marketing, land reforms and social welfare. Labour economists spot labour trends, policies, social insurance and the like. Financial economists are experts in the monetary policies of various countries.
Once a student has chosen their field of interest, they must read extensively within and around it, beyond simple research. It should be borne in mind that economics is definitely not for those people adverse to academic study and paperwork.
One of the leading economic institutes in the world, London School of Economics, which has various full time courses as well as short duration summer courses.Succesfull candidates graduating will be employed in various national and international institution for research and development work.
For more information, please see to the web-sites: www.britishcouncil.org and www.toefl.org
Scopes and Jobs:
Economists have a wide range of professional avenues to follow. In Tibetan community, unless one is qualified and specialized in agriculture or business economics, the scope is usually limited to teaching. But, with an internationally recognised degree, one can look for placement within international banks, the IMF, UN and others.
Rapid globalisation is also making the gathering of reliable and up to the minute economic information extremely important. The World Bank publishes World Development Indicators, while the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) brings out the Human Development Report. The International Finance Corporation (IFC) is a member of the World Bank Group, set up to promote private sector investment in developing countries. In addition, third world countries’ Planning Councils require trained economists to face their problems of poverty and deprivation. Independent companies with similar needs abound.
The following companies employ economists with international exposure. Student desirous of getting more information may contact them:
- European Central Bank, Directorate Personnel, Postfach 16 03 19, D-60066, Frankfurt am Main. Web-site: www.ecb.int
- International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Human Resources Services, 2003 K Street, NW Washington, DC 20006, USA. E-mail: IFPRI-HRIntl@cgiar.org.
- Morgan Stanley Dean Witter, 10 Bedford Street, London WC2E 9HE. Web-site: www.robertwaters.com
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- Standard’s & Poor’s. The McGraw Hill Companies, Wimbledon Bridge House, 1 Hartfield Road, London SW19 3RU
- The Economist Intelligence Unit, Recruitment Office, 15 Regent Street, London. SW1Y 4LR. E-mail: eiujobs@eiu.com
- United Nations Development Program (UNDP). Web-site: www.undp.org
EDUCATION IN THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY
Careers in Hotel Management
Hospitality involves the warm reception and entertainment of guests, socially or commercially. A hotel is generally considered a home away from home, where people need a clean and comfortable place to rest or sleep, food service, an area for socialising and access to shops in a secure environment.
Those aspiring to this field must appreciate that the job requirements go beyond just professional training. Interaction with lots of people, both staff and guests, is the essence of the job, and so personal attributes come to the fore: are you at ease among people with an outgoing personality? You will need good communication skills, tact, diplomacy and perseverance, as well as a respect for labour and a capacity for work.
A host of institutes offering Hotel Management courses have recently sprung up in the country, to supply the industry with much-needed, trained manpower. Among the well-recognized centres of training for the Hospitality Industry are National Institute of Hotel Management & Catering Technology, which has spread centres all over India, Indian Institute of Hotel Management, Ahmedabad, Welcome Group Graduate School of Hotel Administration, Manipal, Srinivas College of Hotel Management, which is recognized by the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE). They offer programmes like:
- 4 Years Bachelor Degree in Hotel Management (BHM)
- 3 Years Diploma in Hotel Management (DHM)
Admissions to the National Institute are through entrance exams and interview, whereas a few private institutes conduct only an interview for admission.
Training in Hotel Management is a blend of theory and practice. Learning through experience is the essence of the curriculum. Actual exposure to the daily functioning of the hotel helps trainees apply their theoretical knowledge to a real situation.
Functioning of the Hotel
There are four important departments in a hotel:
- Front Office:
It is here that the guest is introduced to the hotel and its staff. They will form their first impressions here, as well as receiving any information during their stay. This department’s duties include providing information, room reservations, arrival and departure registration and the handling of keys, mail and messages. This section is handled by the Front Office Manager and his staff, comprising the Lobby Manager, receptionists and bellboys, all ensuring that guests are welcomed and made comfortable.
- Housekeeping:
The basic function of Housekeeping is the upkeep and cleanliness of the hotel. Because the guest spends at least one third of his time in his room, its layout and décor are of prime importance. The Executive Housekeeper, with his team of supervisors and room boys, give special attention to the aesthetics of the hotel.
- Food and Beverage Service
This is the second major activity of most hotels, and so occupies large numbers of people. They organise the many stages of food operations: purchase, storage, preparation and sales. All personnel – stewards, hostesses, captains, managers etc.-report to the Food and Beverage Master.
- Food and Beverage Production
The Executive Chef organises the entire kitchen. The chef’s task is one of creativity and craftsmanship. People with an artistic streak, who like hands on work, can climb the ladder to run a whole kitchen. They must be a skilled professional, who can supervise, plan menus and delegate.
Career Opportunities
The Hospitality Industry can provide lifelong careers. And its areas of expertise vary from marketing to cooking, engineering to public relations and from security work to accounting. A Graduate with a BHM degree can take up academic courses (as a faculty member or proceed for higher studies), enter the operational field (own enterprises like hotels and restaurants; join catering establishments – Airline Catering, Cruise Lines, Outdoor Catering, Hospital Catering etc) or join other services (defence forces, banking services, railways etc.).
Incentives
Salaries and conditions vary widely. There is, as in other services, a large gap between entry, middle and upper levels. But, in addition to a good salary, hotels often offer other benefits that bring the profession on a par with almost any other. It has the fastest career progression, and promotions often show results within three or five years. The number of young leaders in this profession excels almost any other.
Chances at home and abroad
With minimal effort, the BHM professional can obtain rewarding jobs the U.K, U.S.A., Australia and the Middle East to name a few. Indians, due to their aptitude, English-speaking ability and willingness to work, coupled with the growing popularity of Indian cuisine are enthusiastically welcomed abroad. Here at home, prospective employers include all hotels with the three to five star categories, as well as the numerous aforementioned opportunities.
The Hotel Industry is thus one of today’s most dynamic fields. It demands innovative approaches, self-discipline and an ability to deal with every sort of person. Most important is the natural sense of joy at providing high quality service.
Career in Medical Transcription
Introduction
The increasingly accessible global village has recently led to massive growth in this field. Practically unheard of a few years ago, medical transcription is now quite popular with a new, young generation, eager to try anything. It is one of India’s fastest growing sectors, and is an emerging career with scope for expansion.
What is Medical Transcription all about?
It is the process by which medical reports dictated by medical professionals – patient history, lab reports etc. – are transcribed from audio to text format. The transcriptionist is the person who makes this transformation from audio to written reports. The process involves specific procedures and editorial policy guidelines. The transcribed document goes through several stages of editing, and is then returned to its creator by satellite.
Getting Insight Into the Career
The demand for Medical Transcription (MT) is borne of busy doctors’ inability to write the reports themselves. This documentation is required by law in the West, and is also necessary for court reports or lectures. Extensive case studies are therefore necessary that can be handed out wherever necessary. Doctors give their audio cassettes or computer files to a company, which returns them in clean, comprehensible English for filing and reference. India is a perfect source for employment because of the weak rupee and high English literacy levels.
Who Can Enter This Career?
In just five months from now, provided you have completed 10+2, you could be a paid medical transcriptionist. It is an opportunity not just for someone looking for their first job, but also for those with time to spare, in between other activities.
What Does the Job Involve?
The primary task is to transcribe, format and proofread medical records. These are primarily sourced from the USA, coming from doctors’ offices, private/public hospitals, clinics and research centres. Most information is relayed through the Internet. The first stage is the simple transcription, while the second is a task of proofreading for spelling and medical accuracy.
What is Required to be the Best in the Field?
It is absolutely paramount to have a firm command of English, written and spoken. Good comprehension and listening skills are also necessary. As a result of the majority of the audio files’ source, an awareness of American accents and syntax are helpful. In addition, an understanding of English grammar medical terminology and are needed. Thus, people with scientific backgrounds are often given preference. Finally, a good typing speed and well-modulated voice can be helpful.
This is a profession which requires good hand-eye-ear coordination, and accuracy in transferring data. One needs to be up to date with the modern medical technology and methods of diagnosis.
Career Prospects
Health care in the US, where MT is based, is the country’s second largest industry. It will undoubtedly continue to grow. By 2008, an estimated 160,000 transcriptionists are expected to be employed in India. That is five times today’s number. SO step into this career with zeal, and see what lies ahead.
Remunerations :
A trainee transcriptionist can expect between Rs 2,500 to Rs 5,000. The starting salary, once training is completed, can reach about Rs. 7,000, and can eventually rise to Rs. 10,000 a month.
How to Prepare : Training for MT
Normal and crash courses are now offered in many major Indian cities. The fees there range from about Rs 15,000 to 20,000 for a four-month course. You will be taught computing techniques and the fundamentals of medicine. This means medical vocabulary, theory and practice, as well as transcription skills and the syntax of English and American dialects.
Choose well when you enrol. Some schools appeared rapidly to take advantage of the sudden growth, as disappeared just as quickly with their students’ money. Reputed institutes on the other hand, place their students in jobs and firms.
Competitive Entrance Exams for MBBS course
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